5-Earth+Systems,+Structures+&+Processes

5.E.1.1 Compare daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions (including wind speed and direction, precipitation, and temperature) and patterns. 5.E.1.2 Predict upcoming weather events from weather data collected through observation and measurements. 5.E.1.3 Explain how global patterns such as the jet stream and water currents influence local weather in measurable terms such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation. || ===‍‍‍Literacy Standard**/Mathematical Practice(s)**=== Analyze ||
 * ===**Essential Standard/Clarifying Objective(s)**===
 * 5.E.1 Understand weather patterns and phenomena, making connections to the weather in a particular place and time. **
 * Math:**
 * 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.**
 * 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.**
 * 5. Use appropriate tools strategically.**
 * 7. Look for and make use of structure.**
 * W7 - Conduct research**
 * W8 - Gather/synthesize information**
 * S&L 4 - Present findings**
 * S&L 5 - Use media** ||
 * ===‍‍‍**Information Technology Standard**===
 * 5.SI.1 Apply criteria to determine appropriate information resources for specific topics and purposes.**
 * 5.RP.1 Apply research process as part of collaborative research.** || ===‍‍‍**Revised Bloom's Level of thinking**===

5.E.1.1 I can compare daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions.

 * ===**Recall the difference between daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions.**===
 * ===**Recall the many factors that are measured to describe and predict weather conditions (e.g. wind speed and direction, precipitation, temperature and air pressure).**===
 * ===**Recall different seasonal weather patterns in different latitudes and hemispheres.**===
 * ===**Chart daily weather conditions.**===
 * ==**Compare daily and seasonal changes in weather conditions.**==

5.E.1.2 I can collect weather data through the use of various instruments in order to make a prediction.

 * ===**Review basic weather instruments: thermometer, barometer, anemometer, wind vane, rain gauge.**===
 * ===**Continue to chart weather conditions (wind speed, air pressure, etc.).**===
 * ===**Collaborate with peers on atmospheric conditions (i.e. clouds and fronts).**===
 * ==**Predict weather conditions based on collected data.**==

**5.E.1.3 I can explain how air and water currents are influenced by various factors that affect the world**

 * ===**Investigate global weather factors such as air and water currents ( El Nino, La Nina, hurricanes).**===
 * ===**Discuss how these factors influence local weather conditions.**===

‍‍‍**Instructional Resources**
5.E.1.1 Students know that weather can change from day to day, and that many factors are measured to describe and predict weather conditions. (EG: wind speed and direction, precipitation, temperature and air pressure). Students know that in different latitudes and hemispheres there are different (and sometimes opposite) seasonal weather patterns. 5.E.1.2 Students know that one can collect and compare weather data in order to predict the likelihood of a particular weather condition occurring. Students know how to read basic weather instruments: thermometer, barometer, anemometer, wind vane, and rain gauge. Students also can identify atmospheric conditions (presence and type of clouds [stratus, cirrus, cumulous], fronts) that are associated with predictable weather patterns. Students can make basic weather predictions using these skills. 5.E.1.3 Students know that local weather conditions are influenced by global factors such as air and water currents. The jet stream is an air current in the upper atmosphere, located over North America that has a powerful influence on the weather conditions there. The jet stream flows from the west to the east and changes location depending on global conditions. The Gulf stream is a warm water surface current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from south of Florida up the eastern seaboard and then across the Atlantic. The Gulf stream moderates weather along the eastern seaboard, warming the air and land there during the cooler months. In the Pacific, there is an oscillation of water temperatures known as El Nino/La Nina. This oscillation impacts the climate of North and South America for long periods of time. Hurricanes are major storms that form over warm ocean water and are caused by global weather patterns. Qwiki Weather [|http://www.qwiki.com/q/#/Weather] Qwiki Climate [|http://www.qwiki.com/q/#/Climate] Qwiki Global warming [|http://www.qwiki.com/q/#/Global_warming] Qwiki Southern Oscillation [|http://www.qwiki.com/q/#/El_Niño-Southern_Oscillation] Qwiki Jet stream [|http://www.qwiki.com/q/#/Jet_stream] Patterns in the Atmosphere [] What is the water cycle? [] What is climate? [] How does the Water cycle affect weather? [] What causes weather? [] <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">How does climate change? [] <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Climate and Weather [] <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">What factors affect climate? [] <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Enchanted Learning graphic organizers blanks []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Unpacked Content **//<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 11px;">(for students) //

‍‍‍**Notes and Additional Information**
<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">We live on the Earth. The earth's shape is approximately spherical, the result of mutual gravitational attraction pulling its material toward a common center. Unlike the much larger outer planets, which are mostly gas, the earth is mostly rock, with three-fourths of its surface covered by a relatively thin layer of water and the entire planet enveloped by a thin blanket of air. Bulges in the water layer are raised on both sides of the planet by the gravitational tugs of the moon and sun, producing high tides about twice a day along ocean shores. Similar bulges are produced in the blanket of air as well. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Of all the diverse planets and moons in our solar system, only the earth appears to be capable of supporting life as we know it. The gravitational pull of the planet's mass is sufficient to hold onto an atmosphere. This thin envelope of gases evolved as a result of changing physical conditions on the earth's surface and the evolution of plant life, and it is an integral part of the global ecosystem. Altering the concentration of its natural component gases of the atmosphere, or adding new ones, can have serious consequences for the earth's life systems. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The distance of the earth from the sun ensures that energy reaches the planet at a rate sufficient to sustain life, and yet not so fast that water would boil away or that molecules necessary to life would not form. Water exists on the earth in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms—a rarity among the planets (the others are either closer to the sun and too hot or farther from the sun and too cold). <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The motion of the earth and its position with regard to the sun and the moon have noticeable effects. The earth's one-year revolution around the sun, because of the tilt of the earth's axis, changes how directly sunlight falls on one part or another of the earth. This difference in heating different parts of the earth's surface produces seasonal variations in climate. The rotation of the planet on its axis every 24 hours produces the planet's night-and-day cycle—and (to observers on earth) makes it seem as though the sun, planets, stars, and moon are orbiting the earth. The combination of the earth's motion and the moon's own orbit around the earth, once in about 28 days, results in the phases of the moon (on the basis of the changing angle at which we see the sunlit side of the moon).

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The earth has a variety of climatic patterns, which consist of different conditions of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, air pressure, and other atmospheric phenomena. These patterns result from an interplay of many factors. The basic energy source is the heating of land, ocean, and air by solar radiation. Transfer of heat energy at the interfaces of the atmosphere with the land and oceans produces layers at different temperatures in both the air and the oceans. These layers rise or sink or mix, giving rise to winds and ocean currents that carry heat energy between warm and cool regions. The earth's rotation curves the flow of winds and ocean currents, which are further deflected by the shape of the land.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The cycling of water in and out of the atmosphere plays an important part in determining climatic patterns—evaporating from the surface, rising and cooling, condensing into clouds and then into snow or rain, and falling again to the surface, where it collects in rivers, lakes, and porous layers of rock. There are also large areas on the earth's surface covered by thick ice (such as Antarctica), which interacts with the atmosphere and oceans in affecting worldwide variations in climate.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The earth's climates have changed radically and they are expected to continue changing, owing mostly to the effects of geological shifts such as the advance or retreat of glaciers over centuries of time or a series of huge volcanic eruptions in a short time. But even some relatively minor changes of atmospheric content or of ocean temperature, if sustained long enough, can have widespread effects on climate.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The earth has many resources of great importance to human life. Some are readily renewable, some are renewable only at great cost, and some are not renewable at all. The earth comprises a great variety of minerals, whose properties depend on the history of how they were formed as well as on the elements of which they are composed. Their abundance ranges from rare to almost unlimited. But the difficulty of extracting them from the environment is as important an issue as their abundance. A wide variety of minerals are sources for essential industrial materials, such as iron, aluminum, magnesium, and copper. Many of the best sources are being depleted, making it more and more difficult and expensive to obtain those minerals.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Fresh water is an essential resource for daily life and industrial processes. We obtain our water from rivers and lakes and from water that moves below the earth's surface. This groundwater, which is a major source for many people, takes a long time to accumulate in the quantities now being used. In some places it is being depleted at a very rapid rate. Moreover, many sources of fresh water cannot be used because they have been polluted.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Wind, tides, and solar radiation are continually available and can be harnessed to provide sources of energy. In principle, the oceans, atmosphere, topsoil, sea creatures, and trees are renewable resources. However, it can be enormously expensive to clean up polluted air and water, restore destroyed forests and fishing grounds, or restore or preserve eroded soils of poorly managed agricultural areas. Although the oceans and atmosphere are very large and have a great capacity to absorb and recycle materials naturally, they do have their limits. They have only a finite capacity to withstand change without generating major ecological alterations that may also have adverse effects on human activities.